FLOW-THROUGH CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA), INCLUDING INFLUENCE OF DIET ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Pesch ◽  
Paul S. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Flow Through

Effect of density on growth and survival of ornate rock lobster, Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798), in a flow-through raceway system

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Jones ◽  
L. Linton ◽  
D. Horton ◽  
W. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Monthly Sample ◽  
Flow Through

Juvenile ornate rock lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) (3.240.09 g; 13.80.13 mm CL) captured from the wild were stocked at three densities (14, 29, and 43 m–2) within each of four 4000-L fibreglass raceway tanks with flow-through seawater supply. Lobsters were provided with shelters consisting of opaque polyethylene platforms, 600 mm × 600 mm, supported on six 100-mm legs and were fed continually through the night with a commercial penaeid prawn (P. japonicus) pellet supplemented with prawn flesh once per day. Growth and survival were monitored by means of a monthly sample of 20 lobsters from each experimental unit. After 272 days, density treatments did not differ significantly in survival, which averaged 52.5% (2.8). Lobster size was also unaffected by density, and mean size for all lobsters was 225.34.68 g (61.84.7 mm CL) at harvest. Mortality was consistent through time and was almost entirely attributable to cannibalism of postmoult individuals. The cannibalism may have been due to inappropriate shelter and feeding strategy. Despite higher mortality than anticipated, growth was rapid, representing a specific growth rate of 1.56% day–1, sufficient to permit growth from 3 g to 1 kg within 18 months. The experiment confirmed the excellent potential of P. ornatus for commercial aquaculture.

scholarly journals In vitro ovarian follicle growth: a comprehensive analysis of key protocol variables†

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-470
Author(s):  
Leah E Simon ◽  
T Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Francesca E Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Follicle Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques

Abstract Folliculogenesis is a complex process that requires integration of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors together with tightly regulated interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes for the growth and survival of healthy follicles. Culture of ovarian follicles is a powerful approach for investigating folliculogenesis and oogenesis in a tightly controlled environment. This method has not only enabled unprecedented insight into the fundamental biology of follicle development but also has far-reaching translational applications, including in fertility preservation for women whose ovarian follicles may be damaged by disease or its treatment or in wildlife conservation. Two- and three-dimensional follicle culture systems have been developed and are rapidly evolving. It is clear from a review of the literature on isolated follicle culture methods published over the past two decades (1980–2018) that protocols vary with respect to species examined, follicle isolation methods, culture techniques, culture media and nutrient and hormone supplementation, and experimental endpoints. Here we review the heterogeneity among these major variables of follicle culture protocols.

Root morphology, water uptake, growth and survival of seedlings of ryegrass and Phalaris

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish ◽  
JR McWilliam ◽  
HB So
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Secondary Root ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Root Axis ◽  
Secondary Roots

The development of secondary roots was prevented or delayed in ryegrass and phalaris, and the effects on plant water relations, growth and survival were studied in a controlled environment. Delayed development of secondary roots reduced transpiration within 15 days of emergence and reduced tillering and leaf area by the 22nd day in ryegrass and the 28th (leaf area) or 42nd day (tiller number) in phalaris. These effects were apparently due to high axial resistances to water flow through the plant, rather than to an inadequate capacity of the seminal roots for water uptake. Measurements of water flow through xylem vessels agreed well with predictions from the Poiseuille equation. Secondary roots were able to support seedlings from about 20 days after sowing in the absence of seminal roots, but most seedlings survived less than 4 months in the absence of secondary roots, even when subsoil water was available to the seminal roots. Delays in the establishment of secondary roots (up to 63 days) and phosphorus deficiency both reduced the number of secondary root axes forming, but this did not affect survival because the conductance of each secondary root axis was about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the seminal axis.

scholarly journals PEMBESARAN JUVENIL TERIPANG PASIR, Holothuria scabra DAN BENIH ABALON, Haliotis squamata DALAM SISTEM POLIKULTUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sari Budi Moria Sembiring ◽  
Ida Komang Wardana ◽  
Ketut Sugama
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Flow Through

Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji efisiensi pembesaran juvenil teripang pasir, Holothuria scabra dan benih abalon, Haliotis squamata pada sistem polikultur. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan Gondol. Wadah percobaan berupa bak fiber volume 1 m3, abalone dipelihara dalam keranjang plastik ukuran 45 cm x 45 cm x 25 cm sebanyak dua buah/bak, sedangkan teripang dipelihara di dasar bak dengan sistem air mengalir. Kepadatan abalon 50 ind./keranjang dan teripang 100 ind./bak. Ukuran panjang dan bobot juvenil teripang yang digunakan adalah 3,17 ± 0,77 cm; 1,74 ± 0,64 g; dan benih abalone 3,16 ± 0,48 cm dan 4,82 ± 0,87 g. Jenis pakan abalon berupa rumput laut Gracilaria sp. dan Ulva sp. sedangkan teripang diberi pakan berupa bentos selama enam bulan pemeliharaan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah pemeliharaan teripang dan abalon: A (tanpa pemberian bentos), B (ditambah bentos), dan C (ditambah bentos dan tanpa abalon), masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan, sintasan, kualitas air, dan kandungan proksimat feses abalon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan juvenil teripang pasir berbeda nyata (P<0,05); rata-rata panjang total dan bobot badan pada perlakuan B lebih tinggi (4,45 ± 1,06 cm; 8,06 ± 1,19 g) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Sebaliknya sintasan juvenil teripang pasir tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P>0,05). Pertumbuhan bobot benih abalon berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P<0,05) dengan nilai rata-rata pada perlakuan A (16,75 ± 2,96 g) dan B (12,77 ± 2,69 g). Sedangkan pertumbuhan panjang cangkang dan sintasan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Produktivitas polikutur pada perlakuan A mencapai 208,54 g untuk teripang dan 4.656 g untuk abalon; diikuti perlakuan B mencapai 118,55 g untuk teripang dan 3.493 g untuk abalon dan perlakuan C sebesar 34,50 g.The aim of the research was to examine the grow-out efficiency of sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, and abalone, Haliotis squamata fry in a polyculture system. The research was conducted in the Institute for Mariculture Research and Fisheries Extension, Gondol. Containers used in this research were nine fiberglass tanks each with a volume of 1 m3. The abalone fry were reared in two baskets sized 45 cm x 45 cm x 25 cm while sea cucumber fry were reared on the bottom of the tank and. Water exchange used a flow-through system. The density of abalone was 50 fry/basket and sea cucumber was 100 fries/tank. The averages of length and body weight of sea cucumber were 3.17 ± 0.77 cm and 1.74 ± 0.64 g, respectively. The abalone fry had the averages of length and body weight of 3.16 ± 0.48 cm and 4.82 ± 0.87 g, respectively. Feeds used for the abalone fry were Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. while for sea cucumber was benthos. These feeds were used during the six months of the research. Treatments were grow-out of sea cucumber and abalone: A (without benthos), B (with benthos), and C (with benthos but without abalone), each treatment had three replicates. Parameters measured were growth and survival rate, water quality, and proximate analysis of abalone feces. The results showed that the growth of sea cucumber was significantly different (P<0.05), mean of total length and body weight of treatment B was higher (4.45 ± 1.06 cm; 8.06 ± 1.19 g) compared to the two other treatments. On the other hand, the survival rate of sea cucumber fry was not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05). The growth of body weight of abalone was significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments in which the average for treatment A was 16.75 ± 2.96 g and treatment B was 12.77 ± 2.69 g. The growth of carapace length and survival rate were not significantly different (P>0.05). The productivity of polyculture in treatment A reached 208.54 g for sea cucumber and 4,656 g for abalone; followed by treatment B of 118.55 g for sea cucumber and 3,493 g for abalone and treatment of C 34.50 g.

scholarly journals Interplay between Cellular and Non-Cellular Components of the Tumour Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5586
Author(s):  
Tamás Sükei ◽  
Elena Palma ◽  
Luca Urbani
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cancer Modelling

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Currently, treatments available for advanced HCC provide dismal chances of survival, thus there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. While much of the focus of recent decades has been on targeting malignant cells, promising results have emerged from targeting the tumour microenvironment (TME). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main non-cellular component of the TME and it profoundly changes during tumorigenesis to promote the growth and survival of malignant cells. Despite this, many in vitro models for drug testing fail to consider the TME leading to a high failure rate in clinical trials. Here, we present an overview of the function and properties of the ECM in the liver and how these change during malignant transformation. We also discuss the relationship between immune cells and ECM in the TME in HCC. Lastly, we present advanced, 3D culture techniques of cancer modelling and argue that the incorporation of TME components into these is essential to better recapitulate the complex interactions within the TME.

scholarly journals Effect of species diversity on particle clearance and productivity in farmed bivalves

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Acquafredda ◽  
D Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Spisula Solidissima ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Pavlova Lutheri ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Particle Clearance ◽  
Flow Through

Most bivalve farms are designed as monocultures, yet diverse communities often outperform monocultures in various metrics of ecosystem functioning, including particle clearance and productivity. This study tested the feasibility of bivalve polyculture by examining particle clearance, growth, and survival of 4 species that are economically important to the northeastern USA. Three particle depletion experiments were conducted to determine if more diverse bivalve assemblages had greater clearance rates than those which were less diverse. Different assemblages of Crassostrea virginica, Spisula solidissima, Mercenaria mercenaria, and Mya arenaria were supplied with a single cultured algal species, a mix of 2 cultured algal species, or natural seston. To determine how species richness affects bivalve productivity, growth and survival were monitored in a flow-through mesocosm experiment, which simulated farm conditions. In the cultured algae experiments, more diverse assemblages did not exhibit significantly greater clearance rates than those that were less diverse. Instead, the clearance rates of each species were additive across assemblages. Surprisingly, most assemblages did not display a significant preference for the larger microalgae species, Pavlova lutheri (4.0-6.0 µm), over Nannochloropsis oculata (1.90-3.75 µm). Most notably, when supplied with natural seston, the 4-species polyculture demonstrated a significantly greater tank-level clearance rate for particles <25 µm compared to most monocultures. However, nearly all productivity metrics were not significantly affected by species richness. This work suggests that some degree of complementarity exists among these bivalves, and that in non-food limited systems, these bivalves could be co-cultured without outcompeting one another.

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